The EU863-870 band can be applied to any region where the radio spectrum use is defined by the ETSI standard. However, having a basic understanding of other frequency plans is sufficient for example, you should know that Listen Before Talk (LBT) is used in Japan. The Things Fundamentals certification expects detailed knowledge about the EU863-870 and US902-928 frequency plans. Information about specific countries and frequency plans can be found here: The table below lists the latest frequency plans and their common names. LoRaWAN operates in the unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) bands. This chapter also presents some important parameters involved in other frequency plans. In this chapter you will learn in detail about the EU863-870 band and US902-928 ISM band. The Regional Parameters also include LoRaWAN layer parameters such as maximum payload size. The regional parameters include physical layer parameters such as frequency plans (channel plans), mandatory channel frequencies and data rates for join-request messages. For example, in the Netherlands, both EU868-870 and EU433 can be used. In some countries, more than one frequency plan may be used. For The Things Network, they are defined in this GitHub repository. Furthermore, each network server operator is free to select additional parameters, such as additional emission channels. For example, the LoRaWAN regional parameters for Asia only specify a common subset of channels - but there are variations between regulations in Asian countries. They only cover a region by specifying the common denominator. These LoRaWAN regional specifications do not specify everything either. LoRaWAN has official regional specifications, called Regional Parameters, that you can download from the LoRa Alliance website. These bands are similar enough to support a region-agnostic protocol, but have a number of consequences for the implementation of the backend systems. ![]() As a result, LoRaWAN is specified for a number of bands for these regions. This poses a challenge for LoRaWAN, that tries to be as uniform as possible in all different regions of the world. The fact that frequencies have a longer range also comes with more restrictions that are often country-specific. LoRaWAN uses lower radio frequencies with a longer range. Anyone is allowed to set up WiFi routers and transmit WiFi signals without the need for a license or permit. It is similar to WiFi, which uses the 2.4GHz and 5GHz ISM bands worldwide. ![]() This means that anyone can use the radio frequencies without having to pay million dollar fees for transmission rights. LoRaWAN operates in unlicensed radio spectrum.
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